Fig. 1. Neural systems for reading. Converging evidence indicates three important systems in reading, all primarily in the left hemisphere. These include an anterior system and two posterior systems: (1) anterior system in the left inferior frontal region; (2) dorsal parietotemporal system involving angular gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, and posterior portions of the superior temporal gyrus; (3) ventral occipitotemporal system involving portions of the middle temporal gyrus and middle occipital gyrus. (Reprinted with permission from: Shaywitz BA, Shaywitz SE, Pugh KR, et al. Disruptions of posterior brain systems for reading in children with developmental dyslexia. Biol Psychiatry 52;107, 2002.)