Fig. 11 A. Papilledema caused by pseudotumor cerebri. Visual acuity is 20/15 and the visual field is normal. B. Papillitis of anterior optic neuritis. Visual acuity is 20/400 with a relative afferent pupillary defect and a central scotoma. C. Vasculitis of optic disc caused by lupus erythematosus. Visual acuity is 20/200, there is a relative afferent pupillary defect, and a cecocentral scotoma. Note cotton-wool spots.